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''PhD''<ref>lyhennös latinan kielestä: ''philosophiae doctor'', engl. ''Doctor of Philosophy'', vrt. suom. filosofian tohtori</ref> '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Madden Thomas Madden]''', [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Louis_University Saint Louisin yliopiston] keskiajan ja renessanssin tutkimuskeskuksen<ref>''Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies''</ref> sekä ristiretkien tutkimusfoorumin<ref>''Crusades Studies Forum''</ref> johtaja, entinen historian laitoksen esimies<ref>''former Chair of the History Department at Saint Louis University in St. Louis, Missouri''</ref>, joka luetaan Yhdysvaltain johtaviin ristiretkien historian asiantuntijoihin, kuvailee ristiretkiä seuraavasti: | ''PhD''<ref>lyhennös latinan kielestä: ''philosophiae doctor'', engl. ''Doctor of Philosophy'', vrt. suom. filosofian tohtori</ref> '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Madden Thomas Madden]''', [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Louis_University Saint Louisin yliopiston] keskiajan ja renessanssin tutkimuskeskuksen<ref>''Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies''</ref> sekä ristiretkien tutkimusfoorumin<ref>''Crusades Studies Forum''</ref> johtaja, entinen historian laitoksen esimies<ref>''former Chair of the History Department at Saint Louis University in St. Louis, Missouri''</ref>, joka luetaan Yhdysvaltain johtaviin ristiretkien historian asiantuntijoihin, kuvailee ristiretkiä seuraavasti: | ||
{{Quotation| Ristiretkiin liittyvät harhaluulot ovat valitettavan yleisiä. Ristiretkiä kuvaillaan yleensä sarjana | {{Quotation| Ristiretkiin liittyvät harhaluulot ovat valitettavan yleisiä. Ristiretkiä kuvaillaan yleensä pyhien sotien sarjana, jossa uskonnolliset fanaatikot sotivat islamia vastaan vallasta seonneiden paavien johdolla. Niitä pidetään omavanhurskauden ja suvaitsemattomuuden malliesimerkkinä, joka tahraa ylimalkaan läntisen sivilisaation ja eritoten katolisen kirkon historiaa. Esi-imperialismia edustaneet ristiretkeläiset olisivat tuoneet länsimaisen aggression rauhalliseen Lähi-itään ja siten rampauttaneet ja raunioittaneet valistuneen muslimikulttuurin.| Thomas F. Madden | Christianity Today, 6.5.2005<ref name="Madden2005"> | ||
{{Verkkoviite | Nimeke = The Real History of the Crusades A series of holy wars against Islam led by power-mad popes and fought by religious fanatics? Think again. | Osoite = http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2005/mayweb-only/52.0.html? | Viitattu = 5.12.2011 | Selite = ''Misconceptions about the Crusades are all too common. The Crusades are generally portrayed as a series of holy wars against Islam led by power-mad popes and fought by religious fanatics. They are supposed to have been the epitome of self-righteousness and intolerance, a black stain on the history of the Catholic Church in particular and Western civilization in general. A breed of proto-imperialists, the Crusaders introduced Western aggression to the peaceful Middle East and then deformed the enlightened Muslim culture, leaving it in ruins. For variations on this theme, one need not look far. See, for example, Steven Runciman's famous three-volume epic, History of the Crusades, or the BBC/A&E documentary, The Crusades, hosted by Terry Jones. Both are terrible history yet wonderfully entertaining. (...) Christians in the eleventh century were not paranoid fanatics. Muslims really were gunning for them. While Muslims can be peaceful, Islam was born in war and grew the same way. From the time of Mohammed, the means of Muslim expansion was always the sword. Muslim thought divides the world into two spheres, the Abode of Islam and the Abode of War (...) In the eleventh century, the Seljuk Turks conquered Asia Minor (modern Turkey), which had been Christian since the time of St. Paul. The old Roman Empire, known to modern historians as the Byzantine Empire, was reduced to little more than Greece. In desperation, the emperor in Constantinople sent word to the Christians of western Europe asking them to aid their brothers and sisters in the East. | {{Verkkoviite | Nimeke = The Real History of the Crusades A series of holy wars against Islam led by power-mad popes and fought by religious fanatics? Think again. | Osoite = http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2005/mayweb-only/52.0.html? | Viitattu = 5.12.2011 | Selite = ''Misconceptions about the Crusades are all too common. The Crusades are generally portrayed as a series of holy wars against Islam led by power-mad popes and fought by religious fanatics. They are supposed to have been the epitome of self-righteousness and intolerance, a black stain on the history of the Catholic Church in particular and Western civilization in general. A breed of proto-imperialists, the Crusaders introduced Western aggression to the peaceful Middle East and then deformed the enlightened Muslim culture, leaving it in ruins. For variations on this theme, one need not look far. See, for example, Steven Runciman's famous three-volume epic, History of the Crusades, or the BBC/A&E documentary, The Crusades, hosted by Terry Jones. Both are terrible history yet wonderfully entertaining. (...) Christians in the eleventh century were not paranoid fanatics. Muslims really were gunning for them. While Muslims can be peaceful, Islam was born in war and grew the same way. From the time of Mohammed, the means of Muslim expansion was always the sword. Muslim thought divides the world into two spheres, the Abode of Islam and the Abode of War (...) In the eleventh century, the Seljuk Turks conquered Asia Minor (modern Turkey), which had been Christian since the time of St. Paul. The old Roman Empire, known to modern historians as the Byzantine Empire, was reduced to little more than Greece. In desperation, the emperor in Constantinople sent word to the Christians of western Europe asking them to aid their brothers and sisters in the East. | ||
'''''Understand the crusaders''''' | '''''Understand the crusaders''''' |